The Millers striker received his marching orders from referee Kevin Friend just after the hour after catching Leeds full-back Gaetano Berardi in an aerial challenge.
Although Berardi was left with blood streaming down his face, there was no intent from Derbyshire, who still received his first red card in English football and was forced to watch the rest of the game from the stands.
The dismissal looked like proving pivotal as the Millers, 1-0 up at the time, conceded 16 minutes later and were under the cosh as Leeds pushed for a winner, only for drama to unfold at the other end, with the hosts claiming a vital victory thanks to Greg Halford's penalty.
Boss Neil Warnock insists the challenge did not warrant a red card and his club will appeal the decision with the Football Association.
However, that cannot be lodged until Monday, with the verdict likely to be on Tuesday afternoon, so the Millers will prepare for their trip to Bristol City without Derbyshire.Ouch, that will sting in the morning #rufc pic.twitter.com/FLsup08c9d— Michael Marshall (@mickmarsh46) April 2, 2016
If Friend's decision is upheld Derbyshire will face a three-match ban which rules him out of the Ashton Gate clash, the visit to MK Dons and the hosting of Nottingham Forest.